đGender & Gender Change Rulesđ¤ˇ
*Gender āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§? āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ?*
*Gender-āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻāĨ¤ Gender āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻāĨ¤*
*Gender specifies whether a noun or a pronoun is masculine, feminine, neuter or common*.
*Types of Gender*:
*Generally,gender is of four types*:
*Masculine Gender (āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ)*
*Feminine Gender (āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ)*
*Neuter Gender (āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻŦ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ)*
*Common Gender (āĻāĻā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ)*
*Masculine Gender*:
*āĻ¯ā§ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ Masculine Gender āĻŦāĻ˛ā§*āĨ¤
*The noun or pronoun which indicates that a living being is masculine is called a Masculine Gender*.
*Example*:
Father (āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž)
Son (āĻĒā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°)
Lion (āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻš), etc.
*Feminine Gender*:
*āĻ¯ā§ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§ā§ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ Feminine Gender āĻŦāĻ˛ā§*āĨ¤
*The noun or pronoun which indicates that a living being is masculine is called a Feminine Gender*.
*Example*:
Mother (āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤āĻž)
Daughter (āĻāĻŖā§āĻ¯āĻž)
Lioness (āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻšā§), etc.
*Neuter Gender*:
*āĻ¯ā§ noun āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ Neuter Gender āĻŦāĻ˛ā§*āĨ¤
*The noun which indicates to any lifeless object which does not have any masculine or feminine form is called a Neuter Gender*.
*Example*:
Furniture (āĻāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°)
Book (āĻŦāĻ)
Computer (āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻ°), etc.
*Common Gender*:
*āĻ¯ā§ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ Common Gender āĻŦāĻ˛ā§*āĨ¤
*The noun or pronoun which can indicate that a living being is either masculine or feminine is called a Common Gender*.
*Example*:
They (āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻž)
Teacher (āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻ)
Baby (āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§),
Enemy (āĻļāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§) etc.
Gender āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ:
(Rules to change gender)
*Rule 1*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Masculine noun-āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ Feminine gender āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some masculine noun is changed into feminine gender by using âa completely different word:
*Masculine Feminine*
Man Woman
Male Female
Husband Wife
Father Mother
Brother Sister
Dog Bitch
Uncle Aunt
Sir Madam
Tailor Seamstress
Bull Cow
Fox Vixen
Monk Nun
*Rule 2*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Masculine noun-āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ âessâ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ Feminine gender āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some masculine noun is changed into feminine gender by adding âessâ at its end:
*Masculine Feminine*
Lion Lioness
Poet Poetess
Author Authoress
Host Hostess
Jew Jewess
Manager Manageress
Priest Priestess
Steward Stewardess
Baron Baroness
Count Countess
Peer Peeress
Heir Heiress
*Rule 3*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Masculine noun-āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§āĻ° vowel āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ âessâ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ Feminine gender āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some masculine noun is changed into feminine gender by removing the vowel of its end and adding âessâ at that place:
*Masculine Feminine*
Tiger Tigress
Director Directress
Instructor Instructress
Actor Actress
Hunter Huntress
Songster Songstress
Conductor Conductress
Benefactor Benefactress
*Rule 4*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Masculine noun-āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻžāĻŦā§ âessâ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ Feminine gender āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some masculine noun is changed into feminine gender by adding âessâ at its end in an exceptional way. Such as:
*Masculine Feminine*
Master Mistress
Murderer Murderess
Emperor Empress
Abbot Abbess
Mister Miss
Duke Duchess
*Rule 5*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Masculine noun-āĻā§ Feminine gender āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ a, ine āĻāĻŦāĻ ix āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤*
Some masculine noun is changed into feminine gender by adding a, ine and ix at its end:
*Masculine Feminine*
Sultan Sultana
Hero Heroine
Prosecutor Prosecutrix
Proprietor Proprietrix
Don Dona
Signor Signora
*Rule 6*:
*Compound noun-āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻā§ Feminine āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ° gender āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
A compound nounâs masculine part is made feminine to change the gender:
*Masculine Feminine*
Son-in-law Daughter-in-law
Mankind Womankind
Boy-baby Girl-baby
Billy-goat Nanny-goat
Bull-calf Cow-calf
Male-child Female-child
*Rule 7*:
*Compound noun-āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ noun-āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Feminine āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ° gender āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
A compound nounâs second noun is made feminine to change the gender. Such as:
*Masculine Feminine*
Gentleman Gentlewoman
Landlord Landlady
Great-uncle Great-aunt
Step-brother Step-sister
Peacock Peahen
Fisherman Fisherwoman
*Rule 8*:
*āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻā§ masculine āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some natural entities are considered as masculine as being signs of power. Such as thunder, summer, death, sun, etc.
*āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻŽāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ feminine āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Again some natural entities are considered as feminine as being signs of beauty or mildness. Such as night, moon, hope, peace, etc.
āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ, āĻĻā§āĻļ, āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻāĻžā§ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§ feminine āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
Ship, country, train, etc are always considered as feminine genders.
Such as We have some duty towards our country as we are blessed with her natural resources.
*Rule 9*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ noun āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§ feminine āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some nouns are always considered as feminine. Such as serin, shrew, virgin, nurse, etc.
*Rule 10*:
*āĻāĻŋāĻā§ noun āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§ masculine āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤*
Some nouns are always used as masculine. Such as judge, person, chairman, captain, etc.