đš What is Interrogative Sentences?
Ans: āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž question āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ interrogative sentenceāĨ¤
âĒī¸āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨-
âĢī¸Statement (āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯): You are ill.
âĢī¸Interrogative (āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯):Are you ill?
– āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
đšRules:
âĢī¸Statement: S + (auxiliary verb/main verb)+ O
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- He is a teacher.
They are busy.
I have a pen.
You had no servant.
âĢī¸ Interrogative: auxiliary verb + S + O +?
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- Is he a teacher?
Are they busy?
Have I a pen?
Had you no servant?
– āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ principal āĻŦāĻž main verb āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋāĻā§ interrogative sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ ‘do’ āĻŦāĻž ‘does’ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ Present Tense āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ “did” āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ Past Tense āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĨ¤
âĢī¸Statement: S + Vš/ V² + O
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- 1. He plays cricket.
2. You live in Delhi.
3. You show the picture.
âĢī¸Interrogative: Do/does/did + S + Vš+ O + ?
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨-
1. Does he play cricket?
2. Do you live in Delh. 3.Did you see the picture?
đš Note:
– āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ s/es āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ Does āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ° āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ s/es āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤(āĻĻā§āĻā§- example: 1)
āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ verb-āĻāĻ° 2nd form ( V²) āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ Did āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° simple form āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
(āĻĻā§āĻā§- example: 3)
Interrogative Sentences
đš What is Interrogative Sentences?
Ans: āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž question āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ interrogative sentenceāĨ¤
âĒī¸āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨-
âĢī¸Statement (āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯): You are ill.
âĢī¸Interrogative (āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯):Are you ill?
– āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
đšRules: āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ principal main verb āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ “to be” verb ( am/is/are/was/were) āĻāĻŦāĻ “to have” verb ( have/has) āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ interrogative sentence āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻ verb āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ Subject āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤
âĢī¸Statement: S + (auxiliary verb/main verb)+ O
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- He is a teacher.
They are busy.
I have a pen.
You had no servant.
âĢī¸ Interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ : auxiliary verb + S + O +?
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- Is he a teacher?
Are they busy?
Have I a pen?
Had you no servant?
đšRules:
āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ principal āĻŦāĻž main verb āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋāĻā§ interrogative sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ ‘do’ āĻŦāĻž ‘does’ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ Present Tense āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ “did” āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ Past Tense āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĨ¤
âĢī¸Statement: S + Vš/ V² + O
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- 1. He plays cricket.
2. You live in Delhi.
3. You show the picture.
âĢī¸Interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ : Do/does/did + S + Vš+ O + ?
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨-
1. Does he play cricket?
2. Do you live in Delh. 3.Did you see the picture?
đš Note:
– āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ s/es āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ Does āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ° āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ s/es āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤(āĻĻā§āĻā§- example: 1)
āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ verb-āĻāĻ° 2nd form ( V²) āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ Did āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ° verb āĻāĻ° simple form āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
(āĻĻā§āĻā§- example: 3)
đš Rules:
āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ auxiliaries āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ interrogative sentence āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ auxiliary verb āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
âĢī¸Statement:
He has been living here for five years.
âĢī¸ Interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ :
Has he been living here for five years?
đˇ Negative Interrogative Sentences :
âĒī¸ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ :
Statement: (S + auxiliary
verb+ not + O)
Interrogative: (auxiliary
verb + not + S + O + ?)
– āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ noun āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- Prafulla is not strong.
– āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ “Is not” āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ subject āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- Is not Prafulla strong?
âĒī¸ Pronouns āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ –
Statement: (S+ auxiliary
verb+ not+O)
Interrogative: (Auxiliary verb +S + not + O + ? )
– āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ negative sentence āĻāĻŋ pronoun āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- He is not strong.
-āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ interrogative āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ ‘Is’ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§, not āĻ āĻŋāĻ subject āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨- Is he not strong?
đš Change the following into interrogative form :
1. We are happy.
(A) are we happy.
(B) we happy are?
(C) Are we happy?
(D) Happy we are?
Ans- C
2. Ram is brighter than his brother.
(A) Is Ram brighter than his brother.
(B) Is Ram brighter than his brother?
(C) Is brighter Ram then his brother?
(D) Is his brother brighter than Ram?
Ans- B
3. You have a big house.
(A) Have you a big house?
(B) Have a big house you?
(C) Have a house big you?
(D) Have you a big house.
Ans- A
4. You had no servant.
(A) Had no you Servant?
(B) Had no servant you?
(C) Had you no servant?
(D) Had you no servant.
Ans- C
5. He called you.
(A) called he you?
(B) Do he called you?
(C) Did he call you?
(D) Did he called you?
Ans- C
6. I had many books.
(A) had I many books?
(B) Did I had many
books?
(C) Did I have many books?
(D) Did I I had many books.
Ans- C
7. You had no servant.
(A) Had no you servant?
(B) had you no servant?
(C) Did you have no servant?
(D) Did you had no servant?
Ans- C
8. The girl had a brother.
(A) Had the girl a brother?
(B) Did the girl have a brother?
(C) Did the girl had a brother?
(D) Had the girl brother?
Ans- B
9. You should have gone there.
(A) Should have gone you there?
(B) Should have you gone there?
(C) Should you have gone there?
(D) Should you have go there?
Ans- C
10. The boys were not present there.
(A) Were the boys not present there?
(B) Not were the boys present their?
(C) Were not the boys presented there?
(D) Were not the boys present there?
Ans- D
What is Interrogative Sentences?
āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ? āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ ?
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ : āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ? āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻā§ āĻā§ ? āĻ¯ā§ - āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋ...
āĻāĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ? āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻž āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤
āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ? āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋ...
āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ? āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤
āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ? āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻ§āĻžāĻĒāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨
āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻŖā§ ( āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻ¨ā§ ) āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ , āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ , āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻļāĻ˛
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻ§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž
āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻ§ || āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ || āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž
āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯
āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻš āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖ
āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻ¨ ( Contextualization ) āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ ?
āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ , āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽ , āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ , āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ
āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž